Merge branch 'master' into feature/listtypes

13 files changed, 282 insertions, 162 deletions

diff --git a/commands.txt b/commands.txt
index a9809ca..374d44d 100644
--- a/commands.txt
+++ b/commands.txt
@@ -1,59 +1,76 @@
-($ command :string) => :list
 (and arg :bool arg :bool & :bool) => :bool
+(assert cond :bool) => :list
+(bench command :any) => :any
+(block expr :any & :any) => :any
+(branch body :any & :any) => :any
+(def name :any value :any) => :list
+(eval arg :any) => :any
+(for-count count :int body :any & :any) => :any
+(for-each list :list body :any & :any) => :any
+(func name :any args :any body :any & :any) => :list
+(if cond :bool t-branch :any f-branch :any) => :any
+(lambda args :any body :any & :any) => :any
+(or arg :bool arg :bool & :bool) => :bool
+(quote arg :any) => :any
+(redef name :any value :any) => :list
+(type name :any name :any func :any) => :any
+(use filename :string) => :list
+(use-as filename :string namespace :any) => :list
+(while cond :bool & :any) => :any
+($ command :string) => :list
+(* factor :number factor :number & :number) => :number
+(+ term :number & :number) => :number
+(- term :number & :number) => :number
+(->string arg :any) => :string
+(/ factor :number factor :number) => :number
+(< num :number num :number) => :bool
+(<= num :number num :number) => :bool
+(> num :number num :number) => :bool
+(>= num :number num :number) => :bool
 (any? arg :any) => :bool
 (append list :list item :any) => :list
 (apply func :any list :list) => :any
 (argv) => :list
-(assert cond :bool) => :list
-(block expr :any & :any) => :any
 (bool? arg :any) => :bool
-(branch body :any & :any) => :any
 (clear) => :list
+(close handle :handle) => :list
 (concat arg :string arg :string & :string) => :string
-(def name :any value :any) => :list
 (empty? list :list) => :bool
+(env regex :string) => :string
 (eq? value :literal value :literal) => :bool
-(eval arg :any) => :any
 (exists? filename :string) => :bool
 (exit status :int) => :list
-(/ factor :number factor :number) => :number
-(* factor :number factor :number & :number) => :number
 (filter func :any list :list) => :list
 (first arg :list) => :any
 (first-char string :string) => :string
 (float? arg :any) => :bool
 (floor floor :number) => :int
-(for-count count :int body :any & :any) => :any
-(for-each list :list body :any & :any) => :any
-(func name :any args :any body :any & :any) => :list
 (funcs) => :list
 (glob regex :string) => :string
+(handle? arg :any) => :bool
 (howto symbol :any) => :list
-(if cond :bool t-branch :any f-branch :any) => :any
-(int? arg :any) => :bool
 (in? target :literal list :list) => :bool
+(int? arg :any) => :bool
 (join list :list joiner :string) => :string
-(lambda args :any body :any & :any) => :any
 (last list :list) => :any
+(length string :string) => :int
 (list & :any) => :list
-(list? arg :any) => :bool
 (list-length arg :list) => :int
 (list-reverse list :list) => :list
+(list? arg :any) => :bool
 (literal? arg :any) => :bool
 (map func :any list :list) => :list
 (not not :bool) => :bool
 (number? arg :any) => :bool
-(< num :number num :number) => :bool
-(<= num :number num :number) => :bool
-(> num :number num :number) => :bool
-(>= num :number num :number) => :bool
-(or arg :bool arg :bool & :bool) => :bool
+(open-append filename :string) => :handle
+(open-read filename :string) => :handle
+(open-write filename :string) => :handle
+(parse-neb string :string) => :any
 (print arg :string) => :list
-(quote arg :any) => :any
+(read handle :handle) => :string
 (read-char) => :string
 (read-line prompt :string) => :string
 (read-lines filename :string) => :list
-(redef name :any value :any) => :list
 (remove list :list key :any) => :list
 (rest arg :list) => :list
 (rest-char string :string) => :string
@@ -61,20 +78,14 @@
 (slice list :list idx :int length :int) => :list
 (sort-numbers list :list) => :list
 (split target :string & :string) => :list
-(string? arg :any) => :bool
-(->string arg :any) => :string
 (string->int arg :string) => :int
+(string? arg :any) => :bool
 (strip filename :string) => :string
 (symbols) => :list
-(+ term :number & :number) => :number
-(- term :number & :number) => :number
-(type name :any name :any func :any) => :any
+(syntax) => :list
+(type? arg :any) => :bool
 (typeof candidate :any) => :any
 (unlink filename :string) => :list
-(use-as filename :string namespace :any) => :list
-(use filename :string) => :list
 (user-symbols) => :list
-(while cond :bool & :any) => :any
-(with-write filename :string & :any) => :any
-(write string :string filename :list) => :any
+(write string :string handle :handle) => :list
 (zip list :list list :list) => :list
diff --git a/docs.neb b/docs.neb
index a057224..0353a53 100644
--- a/docs.neb
+++ b/docs.neb
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+(for-each (syntax) (howto _item_))
 (for-each (funcs) (howto _item_))
diff --git a/neb/__init__.py b/neb/__init__.py
index 42e1d00..e3167b9 100644
--- a/neb/__init__.py
+++ b/neb/__init__.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def interpret(exprs, env, ns=None):
     return ret
 
 def evaluate(expr, env, ns=None):
-    if isinstance(expr, Literal) or isinstance(expr, Function) or isinstance(expr, TypeWrap) or isinstance(expr, List) or isinstance(expr, Handle):
+    if isinstance(expr, Literal) or isinstance(expr, Callable) or isinstance(expr, TypeWrap) or isinstance(expr, List) or isinstance(expr, Handle):
         return expr
     elif isinstance(expr, Symbol) or isinstance(expr, Type):
         if env.contains(expr.name):
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ def evaluate(expr, env, ns=None):
     else:
         raise InterpretPanic(expr.args[0], "unable to evaluate")
 
-class Function:
+
+class Callable:
 
     def __init__(self, name, params, body, args=None, many=None):
         self.name = name
@@ -84,7 +85,35 @@ class Function:
             raise InterpretPanic(symbol, f"expected [{fmt}] arguments, received {len(params)}")
         return True
 
-    def evaluate_args(self, symbol, params, env, ns):
+    def call(self, expr, env):
+        pass
+
+class Special(Callable):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, params, body, args=None, many=None):
+        super().__init__(name, params, body, args, many)
+
+class NebSyntax(Special):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, callable_, args=None, many=None, return_type=None):
+        super().__init__(name, None, callable_, args, many)
+        if return_type is not None:
+            self.return_type = return_type
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"syntax function {self.name}"
+
+    def call(self, expr, env, ns):
+        self.arity_check(expr.args[0], expr.args[1:])
+        return self.body(expr.args[0], expr.args[1:], env, ns)
+
+
+class Function(Callable):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, params, body, args=None, many=None):
+        super().__init__(name, params, body, args, many)
+
+    def precall(self, symbol, params, env, ns):
         ret = []
 
         for idx, param in enumerate(params):
@@ -92,9 +121,6 @@ class Function:
                 arg = self.args[idx]
             else:
                 arg = self.many
-            if arg.lazy:
-                ret.append(param)
-                continue
             ev = evaluate(param, env, ns)
             expected_type = evaluate(arg.type_, env, ns)
             valid = expected_type.validate_type(ev, env, ns)
@@ -105,8 +131,6 @@ class Function:
             ret.append(ev)
         return ret
 
-    def call(self, expr, env):
-        pass
 
 class Builtin(Function):
     
@@ -120,7 +144,7 @@ class Builtin(Function):
 
     def call(self, expr, env, ns):
         self.arity_check(expr.args[0], expr.args[1:])
-        evaluated_args = self.evaluate_args(expr.args[0], expr.args[1:], env, ns)
+        evaluated_args = self.precall(expr.args[0], expr.args[1:], env, ns)
         return self.body(expr.args[0], evaluated_args, env, ns)
 
 
@@ -172,7 +196,7 @@ class UserFunction(Function):
 
     def call(self, expr, env, ns):
         self.arity_check(expr.args[0], expr.args[1:])
-        evaluated_args = self.evaluate_args(expr.args[0], expr.args[1:], env, ns)
+        evaluated_args = self.precall(expr.args[0], expr.args[1:], env, ns)
         this_env = Environment(env)
         for idx, param in enumerate(self.params):
             this_env.register(param.name, evaluated_args[idx])
diff --git a/neb/std/boolean.py b/neb/std/boolean.py
index 973fa67..e716a87 100644
--- a/neb/std/boolean.py
+++ b/neb/std/boolean.py
@@ -3,31 +3,6 @@ from ..structs import *
 
 BOOLEAN = Environment()
 
-def interpretOr(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    # or returns true for the first expression that returns true
-    for arg in args:
-        ev = evaluate(arg, env, ns)
-        if not isinstance(ev, Bool):
-            raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires :bool arguments")
-        if ev.value == True:
-            return ev
-    return Bool(False)
-
-or_arg = Arg("arg", TypeEnum.BOOL, lazy=True)
-BOOLEAN.register("or", Builtin("or", interpretOr, [or_arg, or_arg], or_arg, Type(":bool")))
-
-def interpretAnd(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    # and returns false for the first expression that returns false
-    for arg in args:
-        ev = evaluate(arg, env, ns)
-        if not isinstance(ev, Bool):
-            raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires :bool arguments")
-        if ev.value == False:
-            return ev
-    return Bool(True)
-
-BOOLEAN.register("and", Builtin("and", interpretAnd, [or_arg, or_arg], or_arg, Type(":bool")))
-
 def interpretEq(symbol, args, env, ns):
     # NOTE this currently only works for literals
     # compare types because 0 != #false in neb
diff --git a/neb/std/core.py b/neb/std/core.py
index a44417c..9e2e743 100644
--- a/neb/std/core.py
+++ b/neb/std/core.py
@@ -1,48 +1,49 @@
-from .. import TypeEnum, Environment, Arg, Builtin, UserFunction, evaluate, interpret, parse, lex, InterpretPanic, TypeWrap, Function, UserType
+from .. import TypeEnum, Environment, Arg, Builtin, UserFunction, evaluate, interpret, parse, lex, InterpretPanic, TypeWrap, Function, UserType, NebSyntax
 from ..structs import *
 from pathlib import Path
 
 CORE = Environment()
 
 def interpretIf(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    if args[0].value:
+    cond = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
+    if not isinstance(cond, Bool):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :bool condition", cond)
+
+    if cond.value:
         return evaluate(args[1], env, ns)
     elif len(args) == 3:
         return evaluate(args[2], env, ns)
     return List([])
 
 cond = Arg("cond", TypeEnum.BOOL)
-t_branch = Arg("t-branch", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)
-f_branch = Arg("f-branch", TypeEnum.ANY, optional=True, lazy=True)
-CORE.register("if", Builtin("if", interpretIf, [cond, t_branch, f_branch]))
+t_branch = Arg("t-branch", TypeEnum.ANY)
+f_branch = Arg("f-branch", TypeEnum.ANY, optional=True)
+CORE.register("if", NebSyntax("if", interpretIf, [cond, t_branch, f_branch]))
 
 def interpretDef(symbol, args, env, ns):
-
     if not isinstance(args[0], Symbol):
-        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :string name", args[0])
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :symbol", args[0])
     name = args[0].name  # NOTE: we are not evaluating the name!!
-    if not isinstance(name, str):
-        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :string name")
-
-    env.register(name, args[1])  # TODO since this isn't lazily evaluated, side effects are allowed (bad!)
-
+    res = evaluate(args[1], env, ns)
+    env.register(name, res)
     return List([])
 
-def_name_arg = Arg("name", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)
+def_name_arg = Arg("name", TypeEnum.ANY)
 def_val_arg = Arg("value", TypeEnum.ANY)
-CORE.register("def", Builtin("def", interpretDef, [def_name_arg, def_val_arg], return_type=Type(":list")))
+CORE.register("def", NebSyntax("def", interpretDef, [def_name_arg, def_val_arg], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
 def interpretRedef(symbol, args, env, ns):
     if not isinstance(args[0], Symbol):
-        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :string name", args[0])
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :symbol", args[0])
     name = args[0].name  # NOTE: we are not evaluating the name!!
     if not env.contains(name):
         raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "not previously defined", args[0])
 
-    env.reregister(name, args[1])
+    res = evaluate(args[1], env, ns)
+    env.reregister(name, res)
     return List([])
 
-CORE.register("redef", Builtin("redef", interpretRedef, [def_name_arg, def_val_arg], return_type=Type(":list")))
+CORE.register("redef", NebSyntax("redef", interpretRedef, [def_name_arg, def_val_arg], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
 def interpretLambda(symbol, args, env, ns):
     new_args = args
@@ -58,14 +59,17 @@ def interpretLambda(symbol, args, env, ns):
     func.return_type = return_type
     return func
 
-lambda_args_arg = Arg("args", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)
-lambda_body_arg = Arg("body", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)
-CORE.register("lambda", Builtin("lambda", interpretLambda, [lambda_args_arg, lambda_body_arg], lambda_body_arg))
+lambda_args_arg = Arg("args", TypeEnum.ANY)
+lambda_body_arg = Arg("body", TypeEnum.ANY)
+CORE.register("lambda", NebSyntax("lambda", interpretLambda, [lambda_args_arg, lambda_body_arg], lambda_body_arg))
 
 def interpretForCount(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    num = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
+    if not isinstance(num, Int):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "count must be an :int", num)
     new_env = Environment(env)
     ret = None
-    for idx in range(0, args[0].value):
+    for idx in range(0, num.value):
         new_env.register("idx", Int(idx + 1))
         for arg in args[1:]:
             ret = evaluate(arg, new_env, ns)
@@ -74,13 +78,16 @@ def interpretForCount(symbol, args, env, ns):
     return ret
 
 for_count_arg = Arg("count", TypeEnum.INT)
-for_body_arg = Arg("body", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)
-CORE.register("for-count", Builtin("for-count", interpretForCount, [for_count_arg, for_body_arg], for_body_arg))
+for_body_arg = Arg("body", TypeEnum.ANY)
+CORE.register("for-count", NebSyntax("for-count", interpretForCount, [for_count_arg, for_body_arg], for_body_arg))
 
 def interpretForEach(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    coll = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
+    if not isinstance(coll, List):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "coll must be a :list", coll)
     new_env = Environment(env)
     ret = None
-    for item in args[0].args:
+    for item in coll.args:
         new_env.register("_item_", evaluate(item, env, ns))
         for arg in args[1:]:
             ret = evaluate(arg, new_env, ns)
@@ -89,12 +96,12 @@ def interpretForEach(symbol, args, env, ns):
     return ret
 
 for_each_arg = Arg("list", TypeEnum.LIST)
-CORE.register("for-each", Builtin("for-each", interpretForEach, [for_each_arg, for_body_arg], for_body_arg))
+CORE.register("for-each", NebSyntax("for-each", interpretForEach, [for_each_arg, for_body_arg], for_body_arg))
 
 def interpretBranch(symbol, args, env, ns):
     for arg in args:
         if len(arg.args) != 2:
-            raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "each branch requires two expressions")
+            raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "each branch requires two expressions", len(arg.args))
         cond = evaluate(arg.args[0], env, ns)  # this is the condition
         if not isinstance(cond, Bool):
             raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "branch condition must be :bool", cond)
@@ -102,11 +109,11 @@ def interpretBranch(symbol, args, env, ns):
             return evaluate(arg.args[1], env, ns)
     return List([])
 
-CORE.register("branch", Builtin("branch", interpretBranch, [for_body_arg], for_body_arg))
+CORE.register("branch", NebSyntax("branch", interpretBranch, [for_body_arg], for_body_arg))
 
 def interpretFunc(symbol, args, env, ns):
     if not isinstance(args[0], Symbol):
-        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :string name")
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :symbol")
     name = args[0].name  # NOTE: we are not evaluating the name!!
 
     if ns is not None:
@@ -121,7 +128,7 @@ def interpretFunc(symbol, args, env, ns):
     env.register(name, func)
     return List([])
 
-CORE.register("func", Builtin("func", interpretFunc, [def_name_arg, lambda_args_arg, lambda_body_arg], lambda_body_arg, Type(":list")))
+CORE.register("func", NebSyntax("func", interpretFunc, [def_name_arg, lambda_args_arg, lambda_body_arg], lambda_body_arg, Type(":list")))
 
 def interpretBlock(symbol, args, env, ns):
     new_env = Environment(env)
@@ -130,8 +137,8 @@ def interpretBlock(symbol, args, env, ns):
         ret = evaluate(arg, new_env, ns)
     return ret
 
-block_arg = Arg("expr", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)
-CORE.register("block", Builtin("block", interpretBlock, [block_arg], block_arg))
+block_arg = Arg("expr", TypeEnum.ANY)
+CORE.register("block", NebSyntax("block", interpretBlock, [block_arg], block_arg))
 
 def interpretWhile(symbol, args, env, ns):
     new_env = Environment(env)
@@ -140,18 +147,21 @@ def interpretWhile(symbol, args, env, ns):
     while True:
         ev = evaluate(cond, new_env, ns)
         if not isinstance(ev, Bool):
-            raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "expects a :bool condition", ev)
+            raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :bool condition", cond)
         if not ev.value:
             break
         for arg in args[1:]:
             ret = evaluate(arg, new_env, ns)
     return ret
 
-CORE.register("while", Builtin("while", interpretWhile, [Arg("cond", TypeEnum.BOOL, lazy=True)], Arg("expr", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)))
+CORE.register("while", NebSyntax("while", interpretWhile, [Arg("cond", TypeEnum.BOOL)], Arg("expr", TypeEnum.ANY)))
 
+# NOTE this doesn't technically need to be a macro
 def interpretUse(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    target_file_name = args[0].value
-    target_file = Path(target_file_name).resolve()
+    target = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
+    if not isinstance(target, String):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "filename must be a :string", target)
+    target_file = Path(target.value).resolve()
     if not target_file.exists():
         raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "no such file", target_file)
     with open(target_file, "r") as fil:
@@ -159,38 +169,48 @@ def interpretUse(symbol, args, env, ns):
     interpret(parse(lex(data)), env, ns)
     return List([])
 
-CORE.register("use", Builtin("use", interpretUse, [Arg("filename", TypeEnum.STRING)], return_type=Type(":list")))
+CORE.register("use", NebSyntax("use", interpretUse, [Arg("filename", TypeEnum.STRING)], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
+# NOTE this doesn't technically need to be a macro
 def interpretAssert(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    if args[0].value != True:
+    cond = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
+    if not isinstance(cond, Bool):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :bool condition", cond)
+    if cond.value != True:
         raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "assertion failed")
     return List([])
 
-CORE.register("assert", Builtin("assert", interpretAssert, [Arg("cond", TypeEnum.BOOL)], return_type=Type(":list")))
+CORE.register("assert", NebSyntax("assert", interpretAssert, [Arg("cond", TypeEnum.BOOL)], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
 def interpretUseAs(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    target_file_name = args[0].value
-    target_file = Path(target_file_name).resolve()
+    target = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
+    if not isinstance(target, String):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "filename must be a :string", target)
+    target_file = Path(target.value).resolve()
     if not target_file.exists():
         raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "no such file", target_file)
+    if not isinstance(args[1], Symbol):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a :symbol", args[1])
+    new_ns = args[1].name
     with open(target_file, "r") as fil:
         data = fil.read()
-    interpret(parse(lex(data)), env, args[1].name)
+    interpret(parse(lex(data)), env, new_ns)
     return List([])
 
-CORE.register("use-as", Builtin("use-as", interpretUseAs, [Arg("filename", TypeEnum.STRING), Arg("namespace", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)], return_type=Type(":list")))
+CORE.register("use-as", NebSyntax("use-as", interpretUseAs, [Arg("filename", TypeEnum.STRING), Arg("namespace", TypeEnum.ANY)], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
 def interpretQuote(symbol, args, env, ns):
     return args[0]
 
-quote_arg = Arg("arg", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)
-CORE.register("quote", Builtin("quote", interpretQuote, [quote_arg]))
+quote_arg = Arg("arg", TypeEnum.ANY)
+CORE.register("quote", NebSyntax("quote", interpretQuote, [quote_arg]))
 
 def interpretEval(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    return evaluate(args[0], env, ns) # TODO why do i have to explicitly evaluate here?
+    ev = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)  # TODO why do i have to evaluate twice?
+    return evaluate(ev, env, ns)
 
 eval_arg = Arg("arg", TypeEnum.ANY)
-CORE.register("eval", Builtin("eval", interpretEval, [eval_arg]))
+CORE.register("eval", NebSyntax("eval", interpretEval, [eval_arg]))
 
 def interpretType(symbol, args, env, ns):
     # (type typename parent func)
@@ -201,13 +221,14 @@ def interpretType(symbol, args, env, ns):
     # TODO we may need to do namespace things here
     # also, we probably shouldn't be able to rename types
 
-    if not isinstance(args[1], TypeWrap):
-        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "parent must be a valid type", args[1])
-    elif not env.contains(args[1].name.name):
-        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, f"no such type {args[1]}")
-    parent = env.get(args[1].name.name)
+    parent_type = evaluate(args[1], env, ns)
+    if not isinstance(parent_type, TypeWrap):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "parent must be a valid type", parent_type)
+    elif not env.contains(parent_type.name):
+        raise InterpretPanic(symbol, f"no such type {parent_type}")
+    parent = env.get(parent_type.name)
 
-    func = args[2]
+    func = evaluate(args[2], env, ns)
     if not isinstance(func, Function):
         raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "validation must be a :func", func)
 
@@ -215,8 +236,51 @@ def interpretType(symbol, args, env, ns):
     env.register(name, new_type)
     return List([])
 
-type_name_arg = Arg("name", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)
+type_name_arg = Arg("name", TypeEnum.ANY)
 type_parent_arg = Arg("name", TypeEnum.ANY)
 type_func_arg = Arg("func", TypeEnum.ANY)
-CORE.register("type", Builtin("type", interpretType, [type_name_arg, type_parent_arg, type_func_arg]))
+CORE.register("type", NebSyntax("type", interpretType, [type_name_arg, type_parent_arg, type_func_arg]))
+
+def interpretOr(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    # or returns true for the first expression that returns true
+    for arg in args:
+        ev = evaluate(arg, env, ns)
+        if not isinstance(ev, Bool):
+            raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires :bool arguments")
+        if ev.value == True:
+            return ev
+    return Bool(False)
+
+or_arg = Arg("arg", TypeEnum.BOOL)
+CORE.register("or", NebSyntax("or", interpretOr, [or_arg, or_arg], or_arg, Type(":bool")))
+
+def interpretAnd(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    # and returns false for the first expression that returns false
+    for arg in args:
+        ev = evaluate(arg, env, ns)
+        if not isinstance(ev, Bool):
+            raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires :bool arguments")
+        if ev.value == False:
+            return ev
+    return Bool(True)
+
+CORE.register("and", NebSyntax("and", interpretAnd, [or_arg, or_arg], or_arg, Type(":bool")))
+
+def interpretBench(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    before = datetime.now()
+    ret = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
+    after = datetime.now()
+    print(f"bench [{symbol.line}]: {args[0]} => {after - before}")
+    return ret
+
+CORE.register("bench", NebSyntax("bench", interpretBench, [Arg("command", TypeEnum.ANY)], return_type=Type(":any")))
+
+def interpretTry(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    try:
+        return evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
+    except NebPanic as e:
+        new_env = Environment(env)
+        new_env.register("_panic_", String(f"{e}"))
+        return evaluate(args[1], new_env, ns)
 
+CORE.register("try", NebSyntax("try", interpretTry, [Arg("expr", TypeEnum.ANY), Arg("except", TypeEnum.ANY)], return_type=Type(":any")))
diff --git a/neb/std/fs.py b/neb/std/fs.py
index d20cde9..144df0f 100644
--- a/neb/std/fs.py
+++ b/neb/std/fs.py
@@ -31,19 +31,6 @@ def interpretUnlink(symbol, args, env, ns):
 
 FS.register("unlink", Builtin("unlink", interpretUnlink, [Arg("filename", TypeEnum.STRING)], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
-def interpretWithWrite(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    target_file = args[0]
-    new_env = Environment(env)
-    target_path = Path(target_file.value).resolve()
-    ret = Literal([])
-    with open(str(target_path), "w") as fil:
-        new_env.register("_file_", List([fil])) # TODO wrong!
-        for arg in args[1:]:
-            ret = evaluate(arg, new_env, ns)
-    return ret
-
-FS.register("with-write", Builtin("with-write", interpretWithWrite, [Arg("filename", TypeEnum.STRING)], Arg("exprs", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)))
-
 def interpretWrite(symbol, args, env, ns):
     string = args[0]
     handle = args[1]
diff --git a/neb/std/functools.py b/neb/std/functools.py
index 9e426b8..f83c49d 100644
--- a/neb/std/functools.py
+++ b/neb/std/functools.py
@@ -34,13 +34,11 @@ def interpretMap(symbol, args, env, ns):
 
 FUNCTOOLS.register("map", Builtin("map", interpretMap, [Arg("func", TypeEnum.ANY), Arg("list", TypeEnum.LIST)], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
+# TODO I think this is wrong
 def interpretApply(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    # TODO: to support lambdas, we can't assume the func is defined
     func = args[0]
-    if not isinstance(func, Symbol):
+    if not isinstance(func, Function):
         raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "requires a symbol as its first argument", func)
-    new_expr = Expr([func] + args[1].args)
-    return evaluate(new_expr, env, ns)
-
-FUNCTOOLS.register("apply", Builtin("apply", interpretApply, [Arg("func", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True), Arg("list", TypeEnum.LIST)]))
+    return func.call(Expr([func] + args[1].args), env, ns)
 
+FUNCTOOLS.register("apply", Builtin("apply", interpretApply, [Arg("func", TypeEnum.ANY), Arg("list", TypeEnum.LIST)]))
diff --git a/neb/std/repl.py b/neb/std/repl.py
index 16efb20..6b6be83 100644
--- a/neb/std/repl.py
+++ b/neb/std/repl.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-from .. import TypeEnum, Environment, Arg, Builtin, UserFunction, Function, evaluate, InterpretPanic
+from .. import TypeEnum, Environment, Arg, Builtin, UserFunction, Function, evaluate, InterpretPanic, Callable, NebSyntax, lex, parse
+from .core import interpretQuote
 from ..structs import *
 
 REPL = Environment()
 
 def interpretHowTo(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    if not isinstance(args[0], Function):
+    if not isinstance(args[0], Callable):
         raise InterpretPanic(symbol, "expects a :func", args[0])
     print(args[0].describe())
     return List([])
@@ -12,19 +13,36 @@ def interpretHowTo(symbol, args, env, ns):
 REPL.register("howto", Builtin("howto", interpretHowTo, [Arg("symbol", TypeEnum.ANY)], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
 def interpretSymbols(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    keys = [Symbol(k, -1) for k,v in sorted(env.environment.items())]
+    keys = [Symbol(k, -1) for k,v in sorted(env.get_all().items())]
     return List(keys)
 
 REPL.register("symbols", Builtin("symbols", interpretSymbols, [], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
 def interpretFuncs(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    keys = [Symbol(k, -1) for k,v in env.environment.items() if isinstance(v, Builtin)]
+    keys = [Symbol(k, -1) for k,v in sorted(env.get_all().items()) if isinstance(v, Function)]
     return List(keys)
 
 REPL.register("funcs", Builtin("funcs", interpretFuncs, [], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
 def interpretUserSymbols(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    keys = [Symbol(k, -1) for k,v in env.environment.items() if isinstance(v, UserFunction) or isinstance(v, Literal)]
+    keys = [Symbol(k, -1) for k,v in env.get_all().items() if isinstance(v, UserFunction) or isinstance(v, Literal)]
     return List(keys)
 
 REPL.register("user-symbols", Builtin("user-symbols", interpretUserSymbols, [], return_type=Type(":list")))
+
+def interpretUserFuncs(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    keys = [Symbol(k, -1) for k,v in env.get_all().items() if isinstance(v, UserFunction)]
+    return List(keys)
+
+REPL.register("user-funcs", Builtin("user-funcs", interpretUserFuncs, [], return_type=Type(":list")))
+
+def interpretSyntax(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    keys = [Symbol(k, -1) for k,v in sorted(env.get_all().items()) if isinstance(v, NebSyntax)]
+    return List(keys)
+
+REPL.register("syntax", Builtin("syntax", interpretSyntax, [], return_type=Type(":list")))
+
+def interpretParseNeb(symbol, args, env, ns):
+    return interpretQuote(None, [parse(lex(args[0].value))[0]], env, ns)
+
+REPL.register("parse-neb", Builtin("parse-neb", interpretParseNeb, [Arg("string", TypeEnum.STRING)], return_type=Type(":any")))
diff --git a/neb/std/sys.py b/neb/std/sys.py
index 525895a..f92eb77 100644
--- a/neb/std/sys.py
+++ b/neb/std/sys.py
@@ -35,15 +35,6 @@ def interpretPrint(symbol, args, env, ns):
 
 SYS.register("print", Builtin("print", interpretPrint, [Arg("arg", TypeEnum.STRING)], return_type=Type(":list")))
 
-def interpretBench(symbol, args, env, ns):
-    before = datetime.now()
-    ret = evaluate(args[0], env, ns)
-    after = datetime.now()
-    print(f"bench [{symbol.line}]: {args[0]} => {after - before}")
-    return ret
-
-SYS.register("bench", Builtin("bench", interpretBench, [Arg("command", TypeEnum.ANY, lazy=True)], return_type=Type(":any")))
-
 def interpretEnv(symbol, args, env, ns):
     items = os.environ[args[0].value].split(":")
     return List([String(item) for item in items])
diff --git a/neb/structs.py b/neb/structs.py
index c623ed3..45e69a7 100644
--- a/neb/structs.py
+++ b/neb/structs.py
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class Type:
         else:
             return self.name
 
-_native_types = ":any :literal :string :bool :number :int :float :[] :handle"
+_native_types = ":any :literal :string :bool :number :int :float :[] :handle :type"
 ALL_TYPES = {x: Type(x) for x in _native_types.split(" ")}
 
 class Symbol:
@@ -140,14 +140,13 @@ class List:
 # function things
 class Arg:
 
-    def __init__(self, name, type_, *, optional=False, lazy=False):
+    def __init__(self, name, type_, *, optional=False):
         self.name = name
         if f"{type_}" == ":list":
             self.type_ = ALL_TYPES[":[]"]
         else:
             self.type_ = ALL_TYPES[f"{type_}"]
         self.optional = optional
-        self.lazy = lazy
 
     def __str__(self):
         return f"{self.name} {self.type_}"
@@ -194,6 +193,12 @@ class Environment:
         except:
             raise NebPanic(f"undefined symbol: '{key}")
 
+    def get_all(self):
+        if self.parent is None:
+            return self.environment
+        else:
+            return dict(self.parent.get_all(), **self.environment)
+
     def __str__(self):
         out = ""
         for k, v in self.environment.items():
diff --git a/neighborcat/neighborcat.neb b/neighborcat/neighborcat.neb
index 1c3b02a..5a2d5c2 100644
--- a/neighborcat/neighborcat.neb
+++ b/neighborcat/neighborcat.neb
@@ -75,9 +75,10 @@
     ; go to the porch
     (def target-eats-stem (last (split target-eats "/")))
     (def target-porch (user-from-path target-eats))
-    (with-write (concat HOME target-porch PORCH NAME)
-        (write CAT _file_)
-        (write (concat "thank you for the " target-eats-stem "!\n") _file_)))
+    (def cat-file (open-write (concat HOME target-porch PORCH NAME)))
+    (write CAT cat-file)
+    (write (concat "thank you for the " target-eats-stem "!\n") cat-file)
+    (close cat-file))
 
 (func init ()
     ; create the new porch and bowl
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@
         (block
             (print (concat "you already have " (first food) " in your bowl!"))
             (exit)))
-    (with-write (concat HOME USER BOWL "/" (first food)))
+    (close (open-write (concat HOME USER BOWL "/" (first food))))
     (print (concat "you left some " (first food) " for " NAME "!")))
 
 (func help ()
diff --git a/repl.neb b/repl.neb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8cb9b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/repl.neb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+; repl.neb
+; by mryouse
+;
+; a REPL for neb, written in neb
+
+(def _history_ (list))
+
+(func history ()
+    _history_)
+
+(func !! ()
+    (def cmd (first (list-reverse (history))))
+    (print (->string cmd))
+    (eval (parse-neb cmd)))
+
+(func save-repl (filename :string)
+    (def fil (open-write filename))
+    (write (concat (join (history) "\n") "\n") fil)
+    (close fil))
+
+(func prompt (nxt)
+    (concat "#" (->string nxt) "> "))
+
+(func repl ()
+    (print "### neb :)(: IN NEB!")
+    (print "version: < 0")
+
+    (def next-cmd-num 1)
+    (func evaluate-cmd (cmd)
+        (def evaluated (parse-neb cmd))
+        (print (concat "=> " (->string evaluated)))
+        (redef next-cmd-num (+ 1 next-cmd-num))
+        (redef _history_ (append _history_ cmd)))
+
+    ; this is the actual loop part
+    (while #true
+        (def this-cmd (strip (read-line (prompt next-cmd-num))))
+        (if (not (eq? "" this-cmd))
+            (try
+                (evaluate-cmd this-cmd)
+                (print (concat "panic! " _panic_))))))
+
+(repl)
diff --git a/tests/runner.bash b/tests/runner.bash
index 32af554..20634dd 100755
--- a/tests/runner.bash
+++ b/tests/runner.bash
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ do
     expected=$(tail -1 $item | sed 's/; //')
     actual=$(python3 ../neb.py $item)
     if [[ "$expected" == "$actual" ]]; then
+        echo -n "."
         ((passed=passed+1))
     else
-        echo "$item... FAILED"
+        echo "$item FAILED"
         echo "      Expected:  $expected"
         echo "      Actual:    $actual"
         echo ""
@@ -18,5 +19,6 @@ done
 
 pct=$(python -c "print('{:.2f}'.format($passed / float($total) * 100))")
 
+echo ""
 echo "Total: $total"
 echo "Passed: $passed ($pct%)"